Health workers take blood samples of people who want to undertake voluntary HIV and AIDS testing inside the University of the Philippines Manila on November 29, 2019. Jonathan Cellona, ABS-CBN News/file 

A new "vaccine-like" HIV drug that currently costs over $40,000 per person a year could be made for as little as $40, researchers estimated on Tuesday.

The antiretroviral drug Lenacapavir, developed by US pharmaceutical giant Gilead, has been hailed as a potential game-changer in the fight against HIV.

Early trials have found the treatment is 100 percent effective in preventing HIV infection. And it only needs to be injected twice a year, making the drug far easier to administer than current regimens requiring daily pills.

"It's like having a vaccine basically," Andrew Hill, a researcher at the UK's Liverpool University, told AFP.

The treatment currently costs patients over $40,000 a year in a range of countries including the United States, France, Norway and Australia.

New research, which Hill presented at the International AIDS Conference in Munich on Tuesday, looked into how much the cost of making the drug could come down if Gilead allowed for cheaper generic versions to be manufactured.

A year's worth of the drug could be made for as little as $40 -- 1,000 times less than the current price -- according to the research, which has not been peer reviewed.

This price was based on production volumes equal to treating 10 million people.

If the drug was given to people at high risk of contracting HIV -- such as gay or bisexual men, sex workers, prisoners or notably young women in Africa -- it could "basically shut down HIV transmission," Hill emphasised.

"We could actually control the epidemic."

There were 1.3 million new HIV infections last year, while 39 million people are living with the virus, according to the World Health Organization.

- 'Opportunity to save the world' -

To estimate the cost, the researchers studied shipments of raw materials of the drug, and spoke to large generic manufacturers in China and India that already make its "building blocks," Hill said.

The international team of researchers has been proven right about similar estimates in the past, he added.

A decade ago, the team said that the cost of making Gilead's hepatitis C drug -- then priced at $84,000 a patient -- could plummet to $100 if generics were allowed.

"Now it costs just under $40 to cure Hepatitis C," Hill said.

The new research was announced a day after UNAIDS chief Winnie Byanyima called on Gilead to "make history" by opening up Lenacapavir to the UN-backed Medicines Patent Pool, which would allow generics to be sold under licence in low- and middle-income nations.

"Gilead has an opportunity to save the world," she told AFP.

The firm has previously said it is in talks with governments and organisations "as we work to reach our access goals".

The firm has not revealed how much it will charge in developing countries -- or which nations could eventually get access to generic versions of the drug.