Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission (PAOCC) along Philippine National Police Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (PNP-CIDG) and Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) raid a BPO compound in Bagac, Bataan on October 31,2024 alleged to be a Philippine offshore gaming operator (POGO), following a search warrant for human trafficking violations. Maria Tan, ABS-CBN News/File

MANILA -- Criminal gangs running online scam farms in the Philippines are downsizing in a change of tactics to avoid a sweeping crackdown, officials said Tuesday.

President Ferdinand Marcos in July announced a total ban by end-2024 on so-called Philippine online gaming operators (POGOs) that Manila says were being used as cover by organized crime for human trafficking, money laundering, online fraud, kidnappings and even murder.

Justice Undersecretary Felix Nicholas Ty said government raids were ongoing as scammers continue to traffic foreign and local workers, forcing them to pitch clients around the world on fake investment schemes.

But they no longer operate in huge compounds or office complexes in large cities, having relocated to the provinces using less conspicuous buildings.

"The MO (modus operandi) right now of these operations is to have a guerrilla-style, smaller-scale (operations) in resorts, maybe even residences," Ty told a security forum, adding some also switched to hardware that are not "top of the line".

"We're seeing the evolution from big-scale operations to smaller operations," agreed Senator Sherwin Gatchalian, who also spoke at the forum.

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Gatchalian said the scam farms were employing other guises, including a recently raided outfit that was masquerading as a business process outsourcing but was found to be running "scamming software".

Ty said that while there were signs "that their resources are in decline," the scam operators "remain entrenched," and it would be "unrealistic for us to get them all" due to limited government resources and manpower.

Southeast Asia, including the Philippines, is "ground zero for the global scamming industry", the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime's deputy regional representative Benedikt Hofmann told UN News earlier this year.

The Washington-based think-tank United States Institute of Peace said in a May 2024 report that these scammers target millions of victims around the world and rake in annual revenues of $64 billion.

"These crime groups are coming from largely mainland China and ... they started operating in the online gambling space" before branching out into the more lucrative scamming, Jason Tower, a principal author of the study, told the Manila forum.

READ: Hontiveros bares POGO ties to China 'espionage, disinformation' ops

It estimates the industry employs half a million workers, including 15,000 in the Philippines, who were recruited mainly via social media and were then forced to work on the scams, facing torture if they fail to meet quotas.

It said the largest group of scam workers were in Myanmar with 120,000.

Ty said the syndicates have invested "a lot of sunk costs" in their Philippine-based operations and may want to recover some of them.

"That's why they persist in operating the way they're operating now, even if it is in a smaller scale and perhaps less profitable manner than it was before."

© Agence France-Presse

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