Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral disease that has garnered global attention due to its recent outbreaks. While it shares similarities with smallpox, mpox is generally less severe. Understanding its symptoms, transmission, prevention, and treatment is crucial for public health awareness.

The viral disease that has garnered global attention due to its recent outbreaks

The Philippines reported its first mpox case in July 2022. As of May 2025, there have been 911 confirmed cases, with no reported deaths. The Department of Health (DOH) has issued surveillance, management, and infection control guidelines to mitigate the spread. 

What is it?

Mpox is an illness caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus. It was first identified in 1958 in monkeys kept for research and later found in humans in 1970. Two main clades exist: Clade I (Central African) and Clade II (West African), with Clade I being more severe. So when scientists say “Clade I” or “Clade II,” they’re talking about different “family branches” of the mpox virus that have evolved separately and show some genetic differences. 

Symptoms typically appear within 21 days after exposure and may include:

* Fever and chills

* Headache

* Muscle aches and backache

* Swollen lymph nodes

* Fatigue

* A distinctive rash that progresses through several stages: macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, and scabs

The rash of mpox is distinctive and progresses through several stages: macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, and scabs

The rash often begins on the face and then spreads to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. 

Mpox spreads through:

* Direct contact with bodily fluids or lesion material

* Respiratory droplets during prolonged face-to-face contact

* Contact with contaminated materials like bedding or clothing

* Animal-to-human transmission through bites or scratches

It's important to note that mpox does not spread easily without close contact.

Preventive measures include:

* Avoiding close contact with individuals showing symptoms

* Practicing good hand hygiene

* Using personal protective equipment when caring for infected individuals

* Vaccination with the JYNNEOS vaccine, especially for high-risk populations. JYNNEOS is a two-dose vaccine recommended for adults aged 18 and older who are at high risk of smallpox or mpox infection. It is administered subcutaneously (beneath the skin) with two doses given four weeks apart.

When it comes to viral outbreaks, good hygiene goes a long way.

The World Health Organization declared mpox a public health emergency of international concern in August 2024 due to rising cases, particularly in Central Africa. Efforts are ongoing to enhance surveillance, vaccination, and public awareness to control the outbreaks.

Staying in the know and embracing healthy habits are essential in keeping mpox at bay. From following trusted sources to simply being mindful of your daily interactions, these small but powerful steps can help you and your community stay safe and healthy.